Criminal Activity and Justice in the American Society...

Title: The Social Problem of Race, Poverty, Punishment Abstract Even more than 100 years back, the terrific African American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois stated, The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line (Du Bois, 1999) Racism and racial discrimination, he said, were the main troubles dealing with contemporary society. Similar can be stated about criminal activity and justice in American society today. Virtually every problem associated with criminal justice problems includes issues of race and ethnic background, consisting of arrests, sentencing, corrections, participation in criminal offense, and public reliance and self-confidence in the criminal justice system (Walker, Spohn and Delone, 2012). Some examples of this are included in the paper along with the recognition of the problem and an alternative solution. Exactly what is the social problem? In 2009 the imprisonment ratio for African American men in state and federal jails was 6.7 times more than the ratio for white men (4,749 versus 708, respectively, per 100,000). The imprisonment rate for Hispanic American men was 2.6 times higher than for white men (1,822 per 100,000). There were likewise variations in the imprisonment of white and African American females, however not as terrific when it comes to males (BJS, 2010). A 2010 Arizona law directing regional authorities to examine the migration condition of anybody they presumed to be undocumented developed a nationwide debate and aShow MoreRelatedCriminal Biology Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pagesthe term ‘the race-crime debate’. Bowling and Philips (2002) found the ‘race and crime’ debate has largely been detached from discussion of ethnic differences in the extent and nature of victimisation and how patterns of offending and victimisation interrelate. Bowling and Philips (2002) found that until recently the ‘race and crime’ debate had been preoccupied with other issues. The first being a question to whether people from ethnic minority groups are ‘more likely to commit criminal offences’, contraryRead MoreRace And Crime Of The Criminal Justice System6937 Words   |  28 PagesRace and Crime For hundreds of years’ race and crime in America has been an ongoing issue. Therefore, the criminal justice topic I am going to research throughout this paper will be regarding the different races and crimes that are most commonly committed and how each different race is treated in the criminal justice system also how they are each individually affected by the American justice system. I will discuss background information of each race as well as problems and issues they are currentlyRead MoreThe Failure Of Imprisonment On The United States1876 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican Prisons The failure of imprisonment has been one of the most noticeable features of the current crisis in criminal justice systems. At best, prisons are able to provide a form or crude retribution to those unfortunate to be apprehended. At worst, prisons are brutalizing, cannot be shown to rehabilitate or deter offenders into society. If anything, American prisons are not fulfilling their purpose. Many people wonder why we have prisons today. Glenn Loury believes rehabilitation is aRead MoreFactors Affecting The Criminal Justice System2867 Words   |  12 Pagesand to inform readers that some of these factors are not controllable. Through intensive research, the researcher discovered that Hispanics and African Americans do not make up more than half of the population today but in the criminal justice system, they make up more than half combined. The main elements the researcher focused on were ethnicity, race, economic status, and personal life elements. Some of the personal life elements include their parent’s martial status and the involvement they haveRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Affected By The Family Circumstances, Activities, And Gender Of The Individual2675 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract Studies of crime seek to explore how crime and delinquency are distributed through many variables such as family circumstances, activities, and gender. This literature review aims to analyze juvenile delinquency through these variables from research done in three specific articles. It was found that some of these variables have a direct affect on the amount of juvenile delinquency while others need further research for a conclusive answer to be found. Although theses are not all of theRead MoreThe Inequality Of The United States2537 Words   |  11 Pagesprevailed on all levels, be it the justice and legal system, or the social class. This inequality is not only the basis of discrimination, but also encourages the increase in criminalization.† This report provides the understanding about income inequality in the United States, which shows the impact on the American conception of justice and the legal system. This book demonstrates about the divide by observing the connection among rising income inequality and the poverty criminalization as poor individualsRead MoreEssay about Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Justice System4775 Words   |  20 PagesDiscrimination in the U.S. Justice System Introduction In modern-day America the issue of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system is controversial because there is substantial evidence confirming both individual and systemic biases. While there is reason to believe that there are discriminatory elements at every step of the judicial process, this treatment will investigate and attempt to elucidate such elements in two of the most critical judicial junctures, criminal apprehension and prosecutionRead MorePrison Reform Topic Paper : Prisons6604 Words   |  27 Pagesmay seek deterrence, incapacitation, or retribution to avoid appearing too soft on criminals (Zyl Smit, 2010; Rossum, 2003). On the other hand, the regulations of the prison system may seek to opportunities to resocialize prisoners or to effect changes in the character, attitudes, or behavior of the convicted offender (Zyl Smit, 2010; Harvard Law Review, 2010). Which approach is the most effective for a society that decides to punish? What do we do about those who commit crimes? This questionsRead MoreAfrican American Juvenile Delinquency : America Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesAfrican American Juvenile Delinquency in America Several studies have provided data that often indicate crime rates are higher for certain ethnic groups of people in the United States. Much of this research on delinquent behavior tends to show that African Americans account for a greater proportion of the juvenile delinquents in America. With African American juveniles accounting for more than 57% of arrests for manslaughter and more than 67% of arrests for robbery, this growing national problem hasRead MoreCriminality: Criminology and Extra Y Chromosome3476 Words   |  14 Pagessociologically defined as a form of deviant behavior from the norm and the acceptable rules of society. A more generic definition of criminality is a behavioral predisposition that disproportionately favors criminal activity. It is based on the premise that the act or acts committed by an individual violates the natural rights that are given to the person by birth and or by right. The statement â€Å"Are criminals born, or made?† is wide reaching and still the subject of many debates. Each year when Crime

Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand

Question: Discuss about the Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand. Answer: Introduction: The imperfect competition where there is existence of a few producers selling differentiated products in the market in known as monopolistic competition (Nikaido, 2015). As the products are differentiated, hence they cannot be perfect substitutes. The market for monopolist products has the following characteristics. They are: Differentiation of products Existence of multiple firms There is no barrier in the entry or exit of firms Imperfect information Power of taking independent decision (Assenza et al., 2015) There are very few firms that exhibit the monopolistic nature in the economy. The coffee industry, chain of restaurants and industry for beverages are the few industries that exhibit this nature of monopolistic market. Both these industry produces different products in the market (Bertoleti Epifani, 2014). Say there can be difference between Brazilian coffee and coffee purchased from South India. Similarly two different restaurants offer different cuisines to their customers and hence show the monopolistic nature. In this answer the concept of natural monopoly has been elaborately discussed after from the perspective of the coffee industry in Australia. Background of the industry: Australias coffee industry was first resurrected during the 1980s after its collapse in the 1800s. Over the recent years the country has seen enormous growth in their coffee industry. The peoples love for the hot beverage makes the caffeine industry grow in leaps and bound (Adams et al., 2016). The country has special liking for strong coffee and instant brewing coffee. According to Senior Consumer Analyst Niraj Lalka, Australias love for this caffeine product grew with its introduction in the country by the migrants of Europe. But the European were more habituated at having strong liquors of coffee whereas the Australian prefer their coffee mixed with milk and fresh cream. The caffeine industry within the country in the last decade saw enormous growth and is expected to grow further. But in contrast to this scenario, the famous American caffeine brand, Starbucks saw faced severe crash in their growth portfolio in Australia (Wong, 2014). According to the analysis on the industrys gro wth and trend it has been observed that the country is expect an increase in their revenue by 6.9%. The expected revenue that the country predicts to earn in the year 2016-17 is $5.5 billion (ibisworld.com.au, 2015). Also the people have been inclined towards this drink as it reduces their scope of early death. According to an survey on health it has been observed that regular drinker of coffee and other caffeine products has lower risk of death via type 2 diabetes, heart problems, suicide and neurological disease. The answer now focuses on the monopolistic features of this industry and its impact on the economy. Key features with example: The monopolistic market is the structure where there is existence of a large number of sellers who produces similar kind of goods and services with a bit of product differentiation to make their products more appealing in the market. As already discussed above the coffee industry shows this nature, we now look at the different brands that are being preferred in the country. Also unlike the perfectly competitive market the various brands in this market has individual say and control (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). Amongst the different types of sellers in the market there are quite a few specialized brands that are responsible for selling coffee within the whole of Australia. Starbucks coffee, Frisco-Bay, Gloria Jeans, Seatles Best coffee, Green mountain coffee, Maxwell house and Folgers are few named to be mentioned in this respect. This different brand reduces the concentration of power within the industry. The firms earn short-run economic profits. But under this monopolistic situatio n the firms are not guaranteed with long-term profit, rather it can be said that there is no such profit in the market of monopolistic competition. Behaviour of firm and impact on consumer: The behaviour of the firms under the monopolistic market can be shown in two parts, the short run stage and the long run stage. The diagram below helps in elucidating the scenario: In the diagram above it is seen that the monopolistic firm in the short run earns profit. The quantity of goods and service supplied by the monopolist is decided at the intersecting point of marginal revenue and marginal cost curve (case, Fair Oster, 2012). Though the monopolistic firm is characterized by a few sellers but still the firm cannot charge any random price like the monopoly firm. This is because each firm produces similar goods with little product differentiation and increase in price of one good may induce the consumers to switch over their choices and consumes other brands. So here in this diagram we see that the short run profit of the coffee industry with monopolistic nature has profit equal to the upper rectangle as marked in the diagram. This diagram shows the monopolistic firm in the long run. The firm maximizes their production by selling at the point where MC =MR. Beyond this point, production implies loss as the cost is greater than the revenue. Even in the long run the monopolistic firm is unable to attain the allocative efficiency as shown by point B in the figure where MC= market price. So under this scenario the firm is able to earn only normal profit in the economy. The normal profit is the situation where the firm just has the capacity to survive in the market by having their total revenue equals to total costs. As the firms cannot randomly charge any price they want barred by their cost constraint, hence the consumers are better off in this situation than in complete monopoly. The existence of multiple numbers of firm ensures that people has a wide variety to choose from and this gives them the capability to create an impact on the market price as well. Adani mining group has planned to invest in a project of thermal coal mine. According to e report of 2014, the subsidiary group has planned to invest a whole lot of $16.5 billion in the project of Galilee Basin (abc.net.au. 2016). The company has a plan to make this project as the biggest mining project of Australia as well as one of the leading mines in the world. The company targets to produce around 60 million tonnes of coal each year from this mine. But no project is pareto optimal. If it has been pareto optimal it would have already been implemented by now and not left over for the Adani Wilmar group to do so. The cost associated with this project not only affects the company but also affects the environment, the people and the economy as a whole. The negative impacts can be connoted as the negative externality of the industry. Here through this answer it has been tried to focus on the externalities associated with the project. Negative externality is an economics term which means the loss or negative impact on a people, group or society as a whole due to a transaction in the economy (Henderson, 2014). In other word, if anyone other than the producer and consumer get affected by the production and consumption process then it is negative externality. It is shown as follows: The government of Australia has been very serious with this project of Coal mine. On other hand Larissa Waters, Senator of the Greens declares that this has been a hasty action of the government without any far-sight associated with it. The problems associated with the mines are as follows: immediate impact on air pollution, water pollution and long term impact on human health and ecosystem (Morrice Colaguri, 2013). The negative externality can be reduced by strict regulations set by the higher authority of the government. Few steps that they can take are as follows: The very first step that government can take is to ensure strict property rights and disallow the company to use the land in establishing the industry that has high risk associated with it (Betz, 2015). In certain cases the government cannot help but allow the industry to grow due to several reasons. In such cases there are other ways of regulating the market. The government should try on investing on projects that involves growth of renewable energy. Nowadays the whole world is trying to shift their energy use into the renewable type. Investing in this sector can have greater long term positive impact on the economy by generating employment, reducing pollution and creating an overall improved standard of living. They can set permits and quotas beyond which the industry cannot pollute the country (Betz et al., 2015). High level of taxes can be imposed on per unit of pollution caused by the firm so that the firm reduces their pollution emission to reduce their cost of production. The government can also help the affected people by providing better yet cheap health facilities and subsidies in the health sector. These subsidies can be collected from taxing the polluters heavily. References: Adams, B., Gans, J., Hayes, R., Lampe, R. (2016).Does Organizational Form Drive Competition? Evidence from Coffee Retailing(No. w22548). National Bureau of Economic Research. Assenza, T., Grazzini, J., Hommes, C., Massaro, D. (2015). PQ strategies in monopolistic competition: Some insights from the lab.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,50, 62-77. Bertoletti, P., Epifani, P. (2014). Monopolistic competition: CES redux?.Journal of International Economics,93(2), 227-238. Betz, M. R., Partridge, M. D., Farren, M., Lobao, L. (2015). Coal mining, economic development, and the natural resources curse.Energy Economics,50, 105-116. Cafes and Coffee Shops in Australia Market Research | IBISWorld. (2015). Ibisworld.com.au. Retrieved 25 December 2016, from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=2015 Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., Oster, S. M. (2012).Principles of economics. Prentice Hall,. Henderson, J. V. (2014).Economic theory and the cities. Academic Press. Here's what we know about Adani and the Carmichael mine project. (2016). ABC News. Retrieved 25 December 2016, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-05/what-we-know-about-adani-and-the-carmichael-mine-project/8094244 Morrice, E., Colagiuri, R. (2013). Coal mining, social injustice and health: A universal conflict of power and priorities.Health place,19, 74-79. Nikaido, H. (2015).Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Wong, V. (2014). Starbucks Has An Australia Problem'.Businessweek. com.

What You Dont Know About Easy Argumentative for 6th Grade Essay Topics Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

What You Don't Know About Easy Argumentative for 6th Grade Essay Topics Could Be Costing to More Than You Think Easy Argumentative for 6th Grade Essay Topics Options Thus, you can ask all the essential questions and consult on some points. So ensure that you select a subject, which has values in it. Formatting is among the steps on the best way to your preferred grade. Anyway, below, you will find topic that are excellent for both circumstances. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. Further, summarize your major arguments. School should occur in the evenings. School tests aren't effective. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Getting the Best Easy Argumentative for 6th Grade Essay Topics To discover argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you will need to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. It is a particular type of academic writing. Having selected an excellent topic to argue about, at this point you need to make an argumentative essay outline. Your thesis ought to be relevant so the report can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's advisable to use a 5-paragraph structure. Don't neglect to check with the requirements you receive from your teacher. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. Since 6th grade students will need to compose essays more frequently, they need to look up some topics ahead of time. If you are supposed to compose an argumentative essay, the very first thing you must do is to understand its principal features and structure. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. Furthermore, it is highly advisable to select the topic which will be interesting to the audience. Learn which of the topics, you presently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. The New Fuss About Easy Argumentative for 6th Grade Essay Topics In any case, your argumentative essay might be shown before the entire group as an illustration of great work. Getting in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. When you have the topic, answer the question and after that support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. When you are requested to select a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with . By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. The very first step is where a lot of students become stuck. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. To compose a terrific argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, allowing them to make an educated stance.

Finding Good Topics For a Business Law Paper

Finding Good Topics For a Business Law PaperHow do you find good topics for a business law paper? A good topic is one that will really interest the reader. When you want to write a business law paper, you have a wide variety of topics to choose from.One reason that people who want to write papers on legal topics like this are able to choose topics is because they know the subject matter very well. You don't have to be a practicing attorney to choose a topic that will interest your readers. Many topics for a business law paper are used for research purposes only and are only relevant to the person writing the paper.You can also choose a topic that is related to the topic of your own practice. For example, if you run a law firm, you can choose to write about patent law, criminal law, securities law, and more. As long as the topic is relevant to your practice, you are in an excellent position to write on the topics you choose.The problem that most lawyers run into is that they cannot ch oose a specific topic for their paper because there are too many topics to choose from. For example, if you write a law firm, you can't expect people to stop and read a legal paper on debt collection practices. However, if you are researching a topic that is pertinent to your practice, it is easier to narrow down your choices.Topics that are more generic do not give you as much flexibility as topics that are unique to your practice. You can pick topics on any subject matter, but you can't get away with writing about something that is not applicable to your practice. Some people even select topics based on personal interests. This can work well if you are able to tie the topic to something that you are interested in.It is important to think about what different types of topics you might write about if you want to choose a good topic for a business law paper. For example, if you are researching a topic that relates to human resources, you might choose to research criminal law, employm ent law, and contract law. If you are researching employment law, you might choose to write about unemployment laws, wages and hours laws, and wage and hour procedures.When you research the topics, try to use specific topic areas, such as personal injury, personal injury litigation, and insurance. You might want to write about such things as: copyright laws, business formation laws, and even bankruptcy laws. You should also consider researching topics that relate to general business practices, such as accounting, taxation, and contracts.It is also helpful to decide when you are going to write about a specific topic. If you are researching a specific area, you might decide that you want to write a whole business law paper on the topic. In this case, you can research the topic and select a single topic, but you can also choose to write a couple of papers on the topic.

Writing an Essay on Photography For Students

Writing an Essay on Photography For StudentsYou may be at a point where you are in the position of needing to write an essay on photography for students. For many of you, this can be a very daunting task.Fortunately, this is a rather simple task. There are a few tips that you will need to use to get through this.The first tip to keep in mind is to not just rely on a picture essay. Instead, make sure you come up with your own personal essay.Before you begin to write your essay, you must consider the number of pictures that you want to include. You will want to make sure that you are focusing on the subjects that are important to you and that are relevant to your lesson. You can even choose to provide a transcript of your assignments as well. You will want to have the picture taken when you began to take your assignments.The second tip to remember is to realize that this essay is a research essay. This means that you need to be sure that you are researching your subject. You need to be sure that you understand the history of photography. You also need to study the trends in the subject and the different kinds of types of photography that are out there.Another thing to keep in mind is that you are going to have to read through the essay that you create. You need to make sure that you understand all of the points that you made. You will also want to be sure that you are explaining your ideas clearly. If you are not sure of anything, you can get assistance from someone who is a great authority on the subject.The third tip to remember is to try to get the student essay completed in a single sitting. This means that you will need to make sure that you complete your assignment within a short period of time.

Pros and Cons of Using a Pro and Cons Essay Topic

Pros and Cons of Using a Pro and Cons Essay TopicOne of the big advantages of having a topic for your Pro and Con's essay is that you have the power to take control of the pacing and style of the paper. You also have the opportunity to bring in elements of the dissertation essay to the Pro and Con's essay. Keep in mind that although this is very powerful, there are some pros and cons to using this style of essay.First of all, while you will find a few people who really like the idea of incorporating the dissertation style of essay into their Pro and Con's essay, there are also some people who are leery of it because they fear that the dissertation style is too academic for a high school level composition. The reason for this concern is that the subject of a Pro and Con's essay is not usually a topic that has direct bearing on the curriculum and that does not lend itself to the academic atmosphere of high school. In addition, the dissertation style of essay would not really fit well w ith a focus on sports or music.On the other hand, there are also some pros to using a Pro and Con's essay. One of the major pro's is that you will be able to make use of more advanced techniques and tools in the essay. As we mentioned above, you can use the dissertation style of essay to bring in more sophisticated language and additional academic concepts to the subject matter of the essay. This will make it a bit more sophisticated, as opposed to writing a high school paper.On the other hand, there are also some cons to using a Pro and Con's essay. Although the subject of the paper is not typically a topic that is directly related to the curriculum, the format of the paper does limit you somewhat. The truth is that there are some aspects of the dissertation style of essay that require a level of attention that you simply cannot give in a Pro and Con's essay. This would be true for both content and style.For instance, while you may be able to include details and arguments about var ious aspects of the subject, you may be unable to draw on research technique. There is no way to use a dissertation style of essay to do research and analyze concepts that has been described in any depth in a Pro and Con's essay. You would just be discussing the general features of the subject matter and making generalizations. At the same time, you cannot use the dissertation style of essay to do an in-depth analysis of the things that you will be discussing in the rest of the paper.As a result, there are some pros and cons that go hand in hand with using the Pro and Con's essay. As a result, if you use the dissertation style of essay, you can make use of more advanced tools and techniques in the essay. However, you can also lose some of the depth that you gain by using the style of the essay. If you are writing a Pro and Con's essay and cannot do any kind of research, you may need to make more choices in the features of the essay to make it more interesting. While it may not be mu ch different from a high school paper, it can still be tricky.Keep in mind that while there are both pros and cons to using the dissertation style of essay, this form of paper does have a strong sense of style. You can still be creative in the way that you use this style, but you cannot really take the academic feel out of the document. On the other hand, you can easily use the style of essay to integrate concepts and arguments that have been described in detail in the body of the essay, which makes the essay more exciting.

The Zen Koan Is A Written Or Verbal Puzzle Used In The Teaching Of Bud

The Zen Koan is a written or verbal puzzle used in the teaching of Buddhism to bring the student to the level of satori or enlightenment. According to D T Suzuki in An Introduction To Zen Buddhism, the word Koan "...now denotes some anecdote of an ancient master, or a dialogue between master and monks, or a statement or question put forward by a teacher, all of which are used as the means for opening one's mind to the truth of Zen."(Suzuki 102). Koans are often in the form of statements that seem, at first, to make little or no sense. This aspect of a Koan is intended to help the student concentrate on the words and pull meaning from them in the same way that they must pull meaning from themselves in order to achieve "satori". Koans sometimes seem to be constructed of two contradicting concepts, which may be true from the standpoint of the dynamics of language. This joining of two opposing concepts is meant to show the student that all concepts are actually a part of one another since they exist in the same world. Koans are intended to join the opposing concepts within the student, which is the "oneness" of Zen Buddhism. "Zen masters, by this means, would force the evolution of the Zen consciousness into the minds of their less endowed disciples."(Suzuki 102). The real "self" of Zen lies in the harmony of opposites. To those who pay more attention to the actual written words of the Koan, Koans will never make sense. Koans are deliberately meant to defy the logic that exists in the world outside the self, the world of government and social constructs. They are meant to help the student see the world undistorted by these learned concepts. The language of a Koan also uses simple concepts and objects that are universal. Keeping the subject simple, the student does not have to worry themselves over the symbolism of the subject, but rather, what the entire composition of the Koan represents. The composition as a whole, once it is thought of in this way, should reveal something about the wholeness of the individual who has figured it out. An example of this duality and simplicity is found in the following Koan: "When your mind is not dwelling on the duality of good and evil, what is your original face before you were born?"(Suzuki 104). The subjects of koans tend to be simple objects such as trees, animals or aspects of nature. Or simple words for concepts or emotions, such as love, hate, good and evil . This attention to simplicity helps the student to view the entire Koan, instead of being anchored to a complex, abstract concept. The reasoning behind every Koan is the same, that the world is one interdependent whole and that each separate one of us is that Whole. In the above Koan, there is simplicity in the choice of the words "good and evil" over any words that may represent these symbolically. In fact, the first part of the Koan may not even be the most important part, but only stated to make the student realize that they are concerned with the duality of the outside world. The conflicts of the outside world have been distracting the student from realizing the purity of their own face "before you were born." The famous Koan that goes: "What is the sound of one hand clapping?" is interesting in the sense that if one thinks of it in terms of the logic that they were taught by the outside world, there is no such sound. "Ordinarily, a sound is heard only when two hands are clapping, and in that sense no sound can come from one hand alone...." This Koan, however, is meant to "...strike at the root of our everyday experience, which is constructed on so-called scientific or logical basis"(Suzuki 105). The duality here lies in what we have been taught to be logical. The Koan threatens our knowledge of the way our world is supposed to work. " The Koans, therefore, as we have seen, are generally such as to shut up all possible avenues to rationalization"(Suzuki 108). The Zen Buddhist Koan is naturally irrational,